Scientists Show That Empathy Is The True First Aid

Whether it’s a sore arm or a fear of injections, how a child is treated when they present with pain could significantly affect how they respond to and manage pain later in life. This comes as a new study from the University of South Australia was released, in which researchers say that parents and doctors should be mindful of how they talk to and treat children experiencing pain – no matter how big or small the injury – knowing that these foundational experiences can be carried forward into adulthood.

Drawing from diverse research across developmental psychology, child mental health, and pain sciences, researchers say that it may be important to validate children’s pain by demonstrating that their pain-related experiences, emotions, or behaviors are acceptable, understood, and legitimate. Empathy with a child’s pain confirms to the child that he or she is heard and believed, thus reinforcing their trust with a father, mother, or physician. 

Dr. Sarah Wallwork, who co-authored the study, said social relationships play a critical role in shaping how health is experienced throughout the lifespan. “When a parent or doctor validates a child’s experiences in a way that matches their expressed vulnerability, it helps the child to feel accepted, builds connection and trust, and may help the child to develop critical skills in regulating their emotions,” Dr. Wallwork said. “For example, when a doctor is attentive, and responds to a child’s emotional and behavioural cues, particularly about seeking help, the clinician is telling the child their pain is real and concurrently reinforcing helpful pain management behaviors, such as attending the clinic.

“However, if these cues are missed, or the doctor questions the validity of their pain, this can have negative consequences for the child. Not only can it affect the clinician-patient relationship and trust but it can also impact future attendance at appointments and adherence to a pain management plan."

Dr. Wallwork went on to say, “Pain and emotion are inextricably linked, with emotion dysregulation commonly co-occurring with chronic pain. “By validating children’s experiences of pain, they are likely to hold fewer negatively biased memories of pain and be in better position to seek help in the future, when then need it.”

According to the University of South Australia, as many as one in four Australian children are in chronic pain. The institution said that the cost of such chronic pain costs more than $139 billion, mostly through reduced quality of life and productivity losses. Dr. Wallwork says that setting children up for success should cover all aspects of life, including pain management. “Our research highlights an underemphasised element of child and youth pain treatment, especially for children in minoritised groups, who are systematically undertreated for pain,” Dr. Wallwork said. “People with chronic pain often report that their pain-related experiences are met with disbelief or dismissal. This can have significant consequences, including poor mental health and reduced quality of life. “Given the significant burden of chronic pain, and the clear intersection with the rising child mental health crisis, it’s important that we better manage pain earlier on, rather than waiting until it is too late.”

Dr. Wallwork says this review provides a building block for future empirical research.